References

MyHealthyPregnancy Application References

COVID-19

1. Your FAQs about pregnancy and COVID-19

   • Coronavirus (COVID-19), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

   • United States COVID-19 Cases and Deaths by State, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

   • Coronavirus (COVID-19), Pennsylvania Department of Health

   • COVID-19, Allegheny County Health Department

   • Other People Who Need Extra Precautions, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, September 11th, 2020

   • How COVID-19 Spreads, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, October 5th, 2020

   • What to Do If You Are Sick, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, September 11th, 2020

   • Coping with Stress, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, July 1st, 2020.

   • Coronavirus (COVID-19) and Pregnancy: What Maternal-Fetal Medicine Subspecialists Need to Know, Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine

   • Planned Home Birth, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

   • Khalil, A., Kalafat, E., Benlioglu, C., O'Brien, P., Morris, E., Draycott, T. & von Dadelszen, P. (2020). SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical features and pregnancy outcomes. EClinicalMedicine, 100446

2. The basics of pregnancy and COVID-19

   • Coronavirus (COVID-19), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

   • Coronavirus (COVID-19), Pennsylvania Department of Health

   • COVID-19, Allegheny County Health Department

   • Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, World Health Organization

   • Data on COVID-19 during Pregnancy, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

3. Actions to protect you from COVID-19

   • When and How to Wash Your Hands, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

   • Show Me the Science - How to Wash Your Hands, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

   • Handwashing: Clean Hands Save Lives, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, September 3rd, 2020

   • How to Protect Yourself & Others, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, September 11th, 2020

   • Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) advice for the public: Mythbusters, World Health Organization

Tips

1. First time mothers: what to expect

   • Folic Acid, Centers for Disease Control and Preventions, April 11th, 2018

   • Ramakrishnan, U., Grant, F., Goldenberg, T., Zongrone, A., & Martorell, R. (2012). Effect of women's nutrition before and during early pregnancy on maternal and infant outcomes: a systematic review. Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology, 26, 285-301

   • Kourtis, A. P., Read, J. S., & Jamieson, D. J. (2014). Pregnancy and infection. New England Journal of Medicine, 370(23), 2211-2218

   • Nutrition During Pregnancy, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

   • Advice about Eating Fish For Women Who Are or Might Become Pregnant, Breastfeeding Mothers, and Young Children, U.S. Food and Drug Administration

   • Dietary Advice for Moms to Be, U.S. Food and Drug Administration

   • Weight Gain During Pregnancy, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

   • Morning Sickness: Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

   • Morning Sickness: Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

   • Problems of the Digestive System, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

   • Pregnancy and Bladder Control, Cleveland Clinic

   • Sex during pregnancy: What's OK, what's not, Mayo Clinic

   • Bozzo, P., Chua-Gocheco, A., & Einarson, A. (2011). Safety of skin care products during pregnancy. Canadian Family Physician, 57(6), 665-667

2. Finances

   • Bartick, M. (2011). Breastfeeding and the US economy. Breastfeeding Medicine, 6(5), 313-318

3. Know your rights: maternity leave and breastfeeding at work

   • The Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978, U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, October 31st 1978

   • Family and Medical Leave Act, U.S. Department of Labor

   • Pennsylvania Maternity and Pregnancy: What you need to know, Business & Legal Resources

   • What do you do if your employer refuses to comply?, United States Breastfeeding Committee

   • Breastfeeding Program, Pennsylvania Department of Health

   • Workplace Support in Federal Law, United States Breastfeeding Committee

   • Wage and Hour Division, U.S. Department of Labor

   • Breastfeeding & Working Information, Pennsylvania Breastfeeding Coalition

   • Breastfeeding Legislation, Pennsylvania Department of Health

Safety

1. Drug use during pregnancy

   • Basics about FASDs, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, May 7th, 2020

   • Tobacco, Alcohol, Drugs, and Pregnancy, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

   • Hall, W., & Degenhardt, L. (2009). Adverse health effects of non-medical cannabis use. The Lancet, 374(9698), 1383-1391

   • Commonly Used Drugs Charts Homepage, National Institute on Drug Abuse, August 20th, 2020

   • Neonatal abstinence syndrome, MedlinePlus, September 16th, 2020

   • McCarthy, J. J., Leamon, M. H., Finnegan, L. P., & Fassbender, C. (2017). Opioid dependence and pregnancy: minimizing stress on the fetal brain. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 216(3), 226-231

2. Alcohol use: science-based recommendations

   • Alcohol Use in Pregnancy, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

   • Streissguth, A.P., Bookstein, F.L., Barr, H.M., Sampson, P.D., O’Malley, K., & Young, J.K. (2004). Risk factors for adverse life outcomes in fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol effects. Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 5(4), 228-238

   • Basics about FASDs Homepage, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, May 7th 2020

   • Committee on Substance Abuse, & Committee on Children with Disabilities. (2000). Fetal alcohol syndrome and alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorders. Pediatrics, 106(2), 358-361

3. Can I ride a bike?

   • Exercise During Pregnancy, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

4. Should I exercise? What types of activity is safe?

   • Exercise During Pregnancy, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

   • Nascimento, S. L., Surita, F. G., & Cecatti, J. G. (2012). Physical exercise during pregnancy: a systematic review. Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 24(6), 387-394

5. Can I smoke while pregnant?

   • Ion, R., & Bernal, A. L. (2015). Smoking and preterm birth. Reproductive Sciences, 22(8), 918-926

   • Tobacco, Alcohol, Drugs, and Pregnancy Homepage, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

6. Is vaginal bleeding/spotting dangerous?

   • Bleeding During Pregnancy, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

7. Can my seatbelt hurt my baby?

   • If You’re Pregnant: Seat Belt Recommendations For Drivers and Passengers, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

8. Can sex or having an orgasm harm my baby?

   • Sex during pregnancy: What's OK, what's not, Mayo Clinic

9. Can I travel?

   • Travel During Pregnancy FAQ, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

10. Can I use tampons for spotting or discharge?

    • Vaginal Bleeding in Early Pregnancy, MedlinePlus, September 25th, 2018

11. Is it safe to take a bath?

    • Agopian, A. J., Waller, D. K., Lupo, P. J., Canfield, M. A., & Mitchell, L. E. (2013). A case–control study of maternal bathing habits and risk for birth defects in offspring. Environmental Health, 12(1), 88

12. Can I douche?

    • Douching Fact Sheet, Office On Women’s Health, November 19th 2014

13. Is it safe for me to go in a hot tub or sauna?

    • Physical Activity and Exercise During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

14. Is it safe for me to paint my nails?

    • Nailing Down the Facts: Nail Treatment Safety in Pregnancy, MotherToBaby

15. Is it safe for me to go to the hair salon?

    • Lademann, J., Richter, H., Jacobi, U., Patzelt, A., Hueber-Becker, F., Ribaud, C., ... & Leclaire, J. (2008). Human percutaneous absorption of a direct hair dye comparing in vitro and in vivo results: implications for safety assessment and animal testing. Food and chemical toxicology, 46(6), 2214-2223

What is...?

1. Preterm birth: risks and interventions

   • Preterm Labor and Birth, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

   • Preterm Birth, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, October 21st, 2019

   • Your Baby Grows Throughout your Entire Pregnancy, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2017

   • Premature Birth, Mayo Clinic, Dec 21, 2017

   • Tobacco, Alcohol, Drugs, and Pregnancy, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

   • Neonatal weight gain and nutrition, MedlinePlus, April 4th, 2019

2. Gestational diabetes

   • Gestational Diabetes, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

   • Gestational Diabetes, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, May 30, 2019

   • Bellamy, L., Casas, J. P., Hingorani, A. D., & Williams, D. (2009). Type 2 diabetes mellitus after gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet, 373(9677), 1773-1779

   • Ben‐Haroush, A., Yogev, Y., & Hod, M. (2004). Epidemiology of gestational diabetes mellitus and its association with Type 2 diabetes. Diabetic Medicine, 21(2), 103-113

   • Zhang, C., & Ning, Y. (2011). Effect of dietary and lifestyle factors on the risk of gestational diabetes: review of epidemiologic evidence. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 94(suppl_6), 1975S-1979S

   • Teh, W. T., Teede, H. J., Paul, E., Harrison, C. L., Wallace, E. M., & Allan, C. (2011). Risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus: implications for the application of screening guidelines. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 51(1), 26-30

3. Preeclampsia

   • Preeclampsia and High Blood Pressure During Pregnancy, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

   • Health Information Homepage, Preeclampsia Foundation,January 18th, 2020

   • Duckitt, K., & Harrington, D. (2005). Risk factors for pre-eclampsia at antenatal booking: systematic review of controlled studies. Bmj, 330(7491), 565

   • Bartsch, E., Medcalf, K. E., Park, A. L., & Ray, J. G. (2016). Clinical risk factors for pre-eclampsia determined in early pregnancy: systematic review and meta-analysis of large cohort studies. Bmj, 353

4. What are the signs of (premature or preterm) labor?

   • Preterm Labor and Birth, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

5. What does pump and dump mean?

   • Breastfeeding and Special Circumstances - Alcohol, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, December 28th, 2019

Labor and delivery

1. Labor and delivery: what to expect

   • Preterm Labor and Birth, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

   • Cesarean Birth, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologist

   • Patient Care & Health Information Tests C-section, Mayo Clinic, June 12th 2020

   • Grobman WA, Lai Y, Landon MB, Spong CY, Leveno KJ, Rouse DJ, Varner MW, Moawad AH, Caritis SN, Harper M, Wapner RJ, Sorokin Y, Miodovnik M, Carpenter M, O'Sullivan MJ, Sibai BM, Langer O, Thorp JM, Ramin SM, Mercer BM; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network (MFMU), "Development of a nomogram for prediction of vaginal birth after cesarean delivery," Obstetrics and Gynecology, volume 109, pages 806-12, 2007

   • Medications for Pain Relief During Labor and Delivery, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

   • What are the options for pain relief during labor and delivery?, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, September 1st, 2017

2. What are the signs of (premature or preterm) labor?

   • Preterm Labor and Birth, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

3. Preterm birth: risks and interventions

   • Preterm Labor and Birth, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

   • Preterm Birth, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, October 21st, 2019

   • Your Baby Grows Throughout your Entire Pregnancy, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2017

   • Premature Birth, Mayo Clinic, Dec 21, 2017

   • Tobacco, Alcohol, Drugs, and Pregnancy, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

   • Neonatal weight gain and nutrition, MedlinePlus, April 4th, 2019

Medications

1. What medications are OK?

   • Treating for Two: Medicine and Pregnancy, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, July 16th, 2020

   • Medicine Guidelines During Pregnancy, Cleveland Clinic, January 1st, 2018

   • Servey, J., & Chang, J. G. (2014). Over-the-counter medications in pregnancy. American family physician, 90(8), 548-555

   • Index to Drug-Specific Information, Food and Drug Administration, January 28th, 2020

2. What medications can I take/not take while breastfeeding?

   • Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed), National Library of Medicine

My nutrition

1. What foods should I avoid?

   • Nutrition During Pregnancy, United States Department of Agriculture

   • Kourtis, A. P., Read, J. S., & Jamieson, D. J. (2014). Pregnancy and infection. New England Journal of Medicine, 370(23), 2211-2218

Relationships

1. Your intimate relationship: what’s healthy, what’s not

   • Alhusen, J. L., Ray, E., Sharps, P., & Bullock, L. (2015). Intimate partner violence during pregnancy: maternal and neonatal outcomes. Journal of women's health, 24(1), 100-106

   • Intimate Partner Violence, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

2. Job stress: navigating work while pregnant

   • REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AND THE WORKPLACE, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, April 20th 2017

   • Rosenthal, L., & Lobel, M. (2011). Explaining racial disparities in adverse birth outcomes: Unique sources of stress for Black American women. Social Science & Medicine, 72(6), 977-983

   • Hall, J. C., Everett, J. E., & Hamilton-Mason, J. (2012). Black women talk about workplace stress and how they cope. Journal of Black Studies, 43(2), 207-226

   • Depression Homepage, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

Decisions

1. Genetic testing

   • Prenatal Genetic Screening Tests, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

   • Sickle Cell Disease, MedlinePlus, July 1st, 2020

   • Cystic Fibrosis, MedlinePlus, August 1st, 2020

   • Tay-Sachs Disease, MedlinePlus, August 18th, 2020

   • Down Syndrome, MedlinePlus, September 8th, 2020

   • Trisomy 13, MedlinePlus, November 1st, 2013

   • Trisomy 18, MedlinePlus, March 1st, 2012

   • Prenatal Genetic Diagnostic Tests, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

   • Anencephaly, MedlinePlus, October 1st, 2019

   • Akolekar, R., Beta, J., Picciarelli, G., Ogilvie, C., & D'Antonio, F. (2015). Procedure‐related risk of miscarriage following amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology, 45(1), 16-26.

   • Genetic Disorders, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

2. Termination

   • The Abortion Pill, Planned Parenthood

   • PA Abortion Control Act, Planned Parenthood

3. What are my contraceptive options after pregnancy?

   • Birth Control, Planned Parenthood

   • What’s the Best Birth Control Option While Breastfeeding?, Planned Parenthood

   • Postpartum Birth Control, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

My body

1. Depression and anxiety

   • Gavin, N. I., Gaynes, B. N., Lohr, K. N., Meltzer-Brody, S., Gartlehner, G., & Swinson, T. (2005). Perinatal depression: a systematic review of prevalence and incidence. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 106(5), 1071-1083

   • Schetter, C. D., & Tanner, L. (2012). Anxiety, depression and stress in pregnancy: implications for mothers, children, research, and practice. Current opinion in psychiatry, 25(2), 141

   • Depression Homepage, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

2. How will this pregnancy affect my body and appearance?

   • Committee on Genetics. (1999). Folic acid for the prevention of neural tube defects. Pediatrics, 104(2), 325-327

   • Scholl, T. O. (2011). Maternal iron status: relation to fetal growth, length of gestation, and iron endowment of the neonate. Nutrition reviews, 69(suppl_1), S23-S29

   • NICHD Neural Tube Defects (NTDs) Research Information, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, August 17th 2018

   • Facts about Neural Tube Defects, Centers fro Disease Control and Prevention, December 5th 2019

   • Soma-Pillay, P., Catherine, N. P., Tolppanen, H., Mebazaa, A., Tolppanen, H., & Mebazaa, A. (2016). Physiological changes in pregnancy. Cardiovascular journal of Africa, 27(2), 89

   • Macdonald-Wallis, C., Silverwood, R. J., Fraser, A., Nelson, S. M., Tilling, K., Lawlor, D. A., & de Stavola, B. L. (2015). Gestational-age-specific reference ranges for blood pressure in pregnancy: findings from a prospective cohort. Journal of hypertension, 33(1), 96

   • Bergman, H., Melamed, N., & Koren, G. (2013). Pruritus in pregnancy: treatment of dermatoses unique to pregnancy. Canadian Family Physician, 59(12), 1290-1294

   • Hinkle, S. N., Mumford, S. L., Grantz, K. L., Silver, R. M., Mitchell, E. M., Sjaarda, L. A., ... & Schisterman, E. F. (2016). Association of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy with pregnancy loss: a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial. JAMA internal medicine, 176(11), 1621-1627

   • Morning sickness, MedlinePlus

   • Chien, A. L., Qi, J., Rainer, B., Sachs, D. L., & Helfrich, Y. R. (2016). Treatment of acne in pregnancy. The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 29(2), 254-262

   • Nutrition During Pregnancy, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

   • What causes ankle swelling during pregnancy — and what can I do about it?, Mayo Clinic, August 7th 2020

3. How much weight should I gain?

   • Weight Gain During Pregnancy, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

4. How do I deal with swelling?

   • Preeclampsia and High Blood Pressure During Pregnancy, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

5. Is vaginal bleeding/spotting dangerous

   • Bleeding During Pregnancy, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

6. Is it normal to be so tired?

   • Sleep during pregnancy: Follow these tips, Mayo Clinic, April 25th 2019

Sleep

1. Sleep during pregnancy

   • Warland, J., Dorrian, J., Morrison, J. L., & O'Brien, L. M. (2018). Maternal sleep during pregnancy and poor fetal outcomes: a scoping review of the literature with meta-analysis. Sleep medicine reviews, 41, 197-219

   • Baker, J. H., Rothenberger, S. D., Kline, C. E., & Okun, M. L. (2018). Exercise during early pregnancy is associated with greater sleep continuity. Behavioral sleep medicine, 16(5), 482-493

2. Is it normal to be so tired?

   • Sleep during pregnancy: Follow these tips, Mayo Clinic, April 25th 2019

Provider visits

1. Genetic Testing

   • Prenatal Genetic Screening Tests, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

   • Sickle Cell Disease, MedlinePlus, July 1st, 2020

   • Cystic Fibrosis, MedlinePlus, August 1st, 2020

   • Tay-Sachs Disease, MedlinePlus, August 18th, 2020

   • Down Syndrome, MedlinePlus, September 8th, 2020

   • Trisomy 13, MedlinePlus, November 1st, 2013

   • Trisomy 18, MedlinePlus, March 1st, 2012

   • Prenatal Genetic Diagnostic Tests, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

   • Anencephaly, MedlinePlus, October 1st, 2019

   • Akolekar, R., Beta, J., Picciarelli, G., Ogilvie, C., & D'Antonio, F. (2015). Procedure‐related risk of miscarriage following amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology, 45(1), 16-26

   • Genetic Disorders, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

2. Gestational diabetes

   • Gestational Diabetes, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

   • Gestational Diabetes, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, May 30, 2019

   • Bellamy, L., Casas, J. P., Hingorani, A. D., & Williams, D. (2009). Type 2 diabetes mellitus after gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet, 373(9677), 1773-1779

   • Ben‐Haroush, A., Yogev, Y., & Hod, M. (2004). Epidemiology of gestational diabetes mellitus and its association with Type 2 diabetes. Diabetic Medicine, 21(2), 103-113

   • Zhang, C., & Ning, Y. (2011). Effect of dietary and lifestyle factors on the risk of gestational diabetes: review of epidemiologic evidence. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 94(suppl_6), 1975S-1979S

   • Teh, W. T., Teede, H. J., Paul, E., Harrison, C. L., Wallace, E. M., & Allan, C. (2011). Risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus: implications for the application of screening guidelines. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 51(1), 26-30

3. Preeclampsia

   • Preeclampsia and High Blood Pressure During Pregnancy, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

   • Health Information Homepage, Preeclampsia Foundation,January 18th, 2020

   • Duckitt, K., & Harrington, D. (2005). Risk factors for pre-eclampsia at antenatal booking: systematic review of controlled studies. Bmj, 330(7491), 565

   • Bartsch, E., Medcalf, K. E., Park, A. L., & Ray, J. G. (2016). Clinical risk factors for pre-eclampsia determined in early pregnancy: systematic review and meta-analysis of large cohort studies. Bmj, 353

Newborn feeding

1. Newborn feeding

   • Brown, A., & Lee, M. (2012). Breastfeeding during the first year promotes satiety responsiveness in children aged 18–24 months. Pediatric obesity, 7(5), 382-390

   • Breastfeeding Your Baby, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

   • About Breastfeeding, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, November 4th 2019

   • What are the benefits of breastfeeding?, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, December 30th, 2017

   • Learning to breastfeed, Office on Women's Health, August 27th 2018

   • Breast is always best, even for HIV-positive mothers, World Health Organization

   • Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed), National Center for Biotechnology Information

   • Proper Storage and Preparation of Breast Milk, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, January 22nd 2020

2. What are the benefits of breastfeeding?

   • Breastfeeding Your Baby, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

   • What are the benefits of breastfeeding?, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, December 30th, 2017

Gear

1. How should I baby proof the house?

   • Safe Sleep – Cribs and Infant Products Information Center, Consumer Product Safety Commission

2. What supplies do I need for my baby?

   • Safe Sleep – Cribs and Infant Products Information Center, Consumer Product Safety Commission

Self-care

1. Can I use tampons for spotting or discharge?

   • Vaginal Bleeding in Early Pregnancy, MedlinePlus, September 25th, 2018

2. Is it safe to take a bath?

   • Agopian, A. J., Waller, D. K., Lupo, P. J., Canfield, M. A., & Mitchell, L. E. (2013). A case–control study of maternal bathing habits and risk for birth defects in offspring. Environmental Health, 12(1), 88

3. Can I douche?

   • Douching Fact Sheet, Office On Women’s Health, November 19th 2014

4. Is it safe for me to paint my nails?

   • Nailing Down the Facts: Nail Treatment Safety in Pregnancy, MotherToBaby

5. Is it safe for me to go to the hair salon?

   • Lademann, J., Richter, H., Jacobi, U., Patzelt, A., Hueber-Becker, F., Ribaud, C., ... & Leclaire, J. (2008). Human percutaneous absorption of a direct hair dye comparing in vitro and in vivo results: implications for safety assessment and animal testing. Food and chemical toxicology, 46(6), 2214-2223

Postpartum

1. How should I baby proof the house?

   • Safe Sleep – Cribs and Infant Products Information Center, Consumer Product Safety Commission

2. What supplies do I need for my baby?

   • Safe Sleep – Cribs and Infant Products Information Center, Consumer Product Safety Commission

3. What are my contraceptive options after pregnancy?

   • Birth Control, Planned Parenthood

   • What’s the Best Birth Control Option While Breastfeeding?, Planned Parenthood

   • Postpartum Birth Control, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

4. What does pump and dump mean?

   • Breastfeeding and Special Circumstances - Alcohol, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, December 28th, 2019

5. What medications can I take/not take while breastfeeding?

   • Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed), National Library of Medicine

6. Newborn feeding

   • Brown, A., & Lee, M. (2012). Breastfeeding during the first year promotes satiety responsiveness in children aged 18–24 months. Pediatric obesity, 7(5), 382-390

   • Breastfeeding Your Baby, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

   • About Breastfeeding, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, November 4th 2019

   • What are the benefits of breastfeeding?, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, December 30th, 2017

   • Learning to breastfeed, Office on Women's Health, August 27th 2018

   • Breast is always best, even for HIV-positive mothers, World Health Organization

   • Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed), National Center for Biotechnology Information

   • Proper Storage and Preparation of Breast Milk, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, January 22nd 2020

7. Know your rights: maternity leave and breastfeeding at work

   • The Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978, U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, October 31st 1978

   • Family and Medical Leave Act, U.S. Department of Labor

   • Pennsylvania Maternity and Pregnancy: What you need to know, Business & Legal Resources

   • What do you do if your employer refuses to comply?, United States Breastfeeding Committee

   • Breastfeeding Program, Pennsylvania Department of Health

   • Workplace Support in Federal Law, United States Breastfeeding Committee

   • Wage and Hour Division, U.S. Department of Labor

   • Breastfeeding & Working Information, Pennsylvania Breastfeeding Coalition

   • Breastfeeding Legislation, Pennsylvania Department of Health

8. What are the benefits of breastfeeding?

   • Breastfeeding Your Baby, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

   • What are the benefits of breastfeeding?, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, December 30th, 2017

General

1. Pregnancy Loss

   • Fetal and Perinatal Mortality: United States, 2013, National Vital Statistics Reports

   • Early Pregnancy Loss, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

   • Fetal Mortality, Child Health USA 2014

   • Stillbirth: Surviving Emotionally, American Pregnancy Association, April 25th, 2012

   • Family Stories, Zach’s Story, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

   • Liu, L. C., Wang, Y. C., Yu, M. H., & Su, H. Y. (2014). Major risk factors for stillbirth in different trimesters of pregnancy—A systematic review. Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 53(2), 141-145

   • Mukherjee, S., Velez Edwards, D. R., Baird, D. D., Savitz, D. A., & Hartmann, K. E. (2013). Risk of miscarriage among black women and white women in a US Prospective Cohort Study. American journal of epidemiology, 177(11), 1271-1278

   • Conde-Agudelo, A., Rosas-Bermúdez, A., & Kafury-Goeta, A. C. (2006). Birth spacing and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes: a meta-analysis. Jama, 295(15), 1809-1823

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